Interviewed - Alberto Triola

Director’s explication

On the stage of the National Theatre you are setting the opera with an unusual Shakespearean mixture of serenity, tragedy and fantasy whose main character is an unrestrained, reckless lover. From your director’s point of view, who is nowadays Don Giovanni and what is he like? 

You have perfectly emphasized the issue this master piece is focused on. As dramma giocoso this is the unique mixture of comic and tragic. My interpretation aims to present and point out both dimensions. This opera is like a life itself. Human bodies are intertwined, often in an unraveling way and they consist of various elements, sometimes the opposite ones. Don Giovanni is, in my opinion, a very smart and fascinating, charming gentleman who finds entertainment in domination over other minds. A maniacal puppet master, lucid, and even a sadist who finds pleasure in seducing and then manipulating others. One of the consequences of this “cruel game” is that he creates in his victims an awful and unhealthy, even morbid addiction to himself.  He becomes their need, such as drugs and they become condemned to follow him everywhere. He gives an impression of an important, handsome, attractive, interesting, even the unique man. People tend to fall in love with such a person easily and they seem to be unable to live without that person.  An ideal surrounding for such a character (or criminal mind), where he can best express his character is a theatre- fascinating space for our imagination, the best place for illusions. A theater is the privileged place where the connection with the universal Spirit can be found, where anybody can rise and feel as a part of Everything. However, it is simultaneously a very dangerous place if we take into account the risks of Ego. A theatre can be the fruitful soil where seductiveness, appearance and imagination of our “shadow” can over expand. That is the dimension artists know perfectly well.  

So, what is nowadays Don Giovanni like?

Our Don Giovanni is the perfect expression of a “theatre demon”, a kind of charismatic (perhaps supernatural…) great director, who chooses people and give them a chance of becoming “someone”, in order to express himself out of frames, to have the feeling of being unique. This usually happens when Ego takes the control over mind, which is the biggest passion of an artist, but it is his curse as well. When we give too much space and power to Ego, we lose connections with Everything and we are prone to addictions and obsessions. This is exactly what happens to our characters. I imagine them like people of the theatre: Donna Elvira is an actress, Donna Anna is a dresser, Zerlina is a cleaner and Masetto is a stage technician. Laporello is a stage manager (material, physical side of Don Giovanni, someone who perfectly knows the opportunities and risks of the “space of illusions”. We discover who Don Ottavio was before the encounter with Don Giovanni at the very end… The Commendatore represents a rare case of a person completely exempted from the Ego threat.  He doesn’t react at all to the mirror Don Giovanni seduces his victims with and puts them under his control. The Commendatore is old, wise, perfectly and permanently connected to Everything. That is why his voice seems to originate from undefined space and he himself turns up at the very beginning physically transformed.

Many opera theorists claim that Mozart's Don Giovanni is a piece of art with accurate and deep psychological elaboration of the characters. Some of them claim, despite everything, that he is the most moral character of all in this piece of art?

The difference between Don Giovanni and other characters in this opera is the following: I see him more as an entity than as a real person, while all other normal human beings are transformed into "something else" after his seduction. He has such an effect on Ego of the people he has seduced; they immediately show their natural temperament, just stronger both in the best and worst sense. Elvira is a very open, extrovert person and she presents herself in a very comical way. She always exaggerates, in jealousy, obsession, when talking about herself. She is a neurotic person. Contrary to her, Donna Anna is very closed, even emotionally and physically inhibited, blocked. She is introvert and very oriented to thinking, just as much as Elvira is impulsive. Although, she is far from a shy person: she is very determined, strong and strict, most towards herself. Don Ottavio seems to be not at all focused on the emotional dimension, although he looks pretty shy, uncertain and often hesitant. Leporello is curious and unstable. He has learned a lot from his master. His dimension is a stage as a space of the physical expression of passion and primary emotions. Zerlina and Masetto represent in the most sincere way so-called "ordinary people". Masetto knows extremely well the rules of conflict at the psychological level, even at the physical level, as well as the methods of intimidation and abuse of power; for seducing Zerlina, a simple and inexperienced neighborhood girl, Don Giovanni uses the language of a fun show on television: she then begins to dream and surrenders. Zerlina and Masetto are probably, due to their simple and sincere nature, the most active in finding the exit as well.

The title hero, the charming nobleman of high intelligence, who is at the same time one of the most famous seducers in the world history, is presented as a person who does not give up on his love endeavors even not being afraid of death. What will eventually prevail in your setting - good or evil?

After all I have said so far, it is clear that in Don Giovanni can be found the cynicism of an intellectual typical of the 18th century culture. He enjoys in exploring human behavior. His sophisticated and lucid mind examines and learns all the time how people react when under the influence of Ego. We can also consider this as a pathological type of erotic voyeurism. Don Giovanni is a serial seducer, but the purpose of his obsession is more mental than physical. The most dramatic moments of this opera represent and give the voice to "Absolute" - the seduction of Donna Anna (which is a typical mental rape), the Commendatore's death as well as the last confrontation with him...

Don Giovanni in the first scene of the second Act says: "It's all love; whoever is faithful to solely one is cruel to others; I, who bear in myself such a broad feeling, I love them all; and how women do not understand those things, they call my natural a deception". Is there love in general in nowadays world, mostly oriented towards interest?

Today, the ability to feel compassion, to feel empathy towards others, is the most important aspect of the ability to love. All the time, the characters in this opera are trying to share their own emotions (even those the strongest ones and those not talked about) with others and to encourage each other; everybody except Don Giovanni. In this we find the most prominent feature of the protagonist, his neurotic behavior manifests his inability to experience empathy towards other human beings. As if he is unable “to feel” and to be touched by something. He does not know compassion, so he seems lonely and isolated in his own frightening solitude. Can you imagine worse hell than that?

Interviewed by Mikojan Bezbradica

Interviewed - Marco Boemi

Conductor’s explication

Masterly ruling tragic and comic situations, individual and common scenes and vocal and instrumental parts, Mozart composed, as he used to say, his most serious opera, a bit later described as "a work without blemish, an interrupted perfection" by the philosopher Kierkegaard . How do you professionally, but also intimately, experience this masterpiece that has been conquering audiences around the world for over two centuries?

Don Giovanni, which is regarded as both a romantic and neoclassical opera, really represents something special. It is so specific, and again, so different and that is why I definitely see it in my ten favorite operas. The combination of characters is so amazing that it must provoke interest in conductors born in the romantic period. There is a complete musical perfection in this opera, as well as the balance between the arias and the duets, so for the conductor it is absolutely amazing to observe how the tempo is constantly changing. Of course, you can conduct in the same tact, which is due to the fact that in Mozart's time, when there were no conductors, the orchestra itself could change the tempo without the conductor's instructions. The way Mozart put it in the flow of music is truly amazing. Also, I want to mention one thing about the finals where Mozart used three different small orchestras on the stage and although each is playing at different tempo, all three are merging and creating some sort of stereophonic sound. This tells us enough, since it was completely unknown at the time, how different Mozart was from other composers of his time. Also, the use of solo instruments, especially the wind instruments, such as the trumpet, is amazing. As soon as they begin to play, it is noticeable that there is a change in music.

The same happens in the big finale with the Commendatore, when the ground opens and he drags Don Giovanni with him into hell...

It is symbolic that Don Giovanni does not make any resistance, as he is ready to accept his destiny. He has decided to die and no one but him can make such a decision on his behalf, even at the cost of going to hell ... So, at some points there is something that reminds me of the use of the leitmotif in Wagner's music, although there isn’t a special leitmotif in terms of melody that would belong to a particular character. In any case, there are certain music cells. They can be instrumental, hidden, and might also exist in rhythm since it is absolutely necessary for description of characters. There are a number of great features of this score that cannot be understood at first listening, especially if the audience consists of people who are not musicians. Of course, for musicians, it's a real pleasure to find all these features, while the amazing thing for those who are not musicians is how they accept and feel all that is happening on the scene, even though they do not know the way Mozart made it possible.

The librettist Lorenzo da Ponte and Mozart considered this opera to be cheerful and comic. Regarding the fact that death is seen at the beginning and at the end of the work of art, is Don Giovanni, in your opinion, a tragedy or a comedy?

Since it has the perfect balance between comedy and tragedy, it is very difficult to say whether Don Giovanni is more this or that. But when you see that drama giocoso or a playful drama is written at the beginning of the opera, you will realize that Mozart has managed to find one incredible and perfect balance between comedy and tragedy, which means he has succeeded in presenting his life. Of course, life is not completely black or white, but it can be playful and painful at the same time or at different moments. So, what is particularly great in this music score is that Mozart succeeded in combining elements of tragedy (at the beginning and at the end of the opera we have death) and comedy. It is very interesting that for a long time, and especially in the beginning of the last century, Mahler, for example, conducted this opera in Vienna without a finale. Taking into account that it ends with Don Giovanni's death, the balance, or the life cycle, is better represented in this way - we begin with death and finish with another death.

And yet, Mozart did it differently?

Yes, he decided to finish the comedy. All the characters are talking about Don Giovanni, but they are more focused on what will be happening to them when they return to their usual life. Thus, Donna Elvira will retreat into solitude, Don Ottavio is forced to wait for a year before he can marry Donna Anna, Leporello will look for a new master, while Zerlina and Masetto will simply go home and she will probably prepare him some fine dinner...

Life must go on.

Exactly. He continues in spite of all these incredible supernatural things that have happened. Everyone would rather choose to leave the symbol of the supernormal in the sphere of symbols and to continue with daily, normal life. The way Mozart connects and balances between real and supernatural to achieve the perfection is something he failed to achieve in other operas. All other operas, including The Marriage of Figaro and Cosi fan tutte marriage, although being wonderful masterpieces, are still more on the side of comedy. So, there is nowhere such a wonderful balance, as all other operas are more focused on one side of life, or perhaps, they focus mainly on one side, and quite a bit on the other. This is the only opera where you can really feel that a large number of different factors are united, but yet each has an incredible and perfect place among all others.

According to one historian, Mozart had the exceptional ability to flow into his music all, even totally opposite currents of time, and thus united in the new parts, he would give birth to them again.  In this respect, what exactly did he do in this opera to separate it in a special way from all others he composed?

If you observe seven important operas, the only one that has the incredible balance between pain and joy, feeling and lucidity is exactly Don Giovanni. The only opera comparable with it, but in a completely different level, is the The Magic Flute, because it is about life, but the characters are not so clearly featured as good or bad ones, for example Sarastro and the Queen of the Night. So the characters are masked because of the story itself. The Magic Flute is the opera that can be read in different ways, with different meanings and symbols, and it is the most symbolic of all Mozart's operas. The Marriage of Figaro is the opera where social differences are sharply presented, but the characters in it do not have to face the drama of making choices that mean life or death to them. This is something we find only with Don Giovanni. Figaro can oppose the Count because he knows that nothing terrible can happen to him, but Don Giovanni knows that if he opposes God that he probably believes in, it can mean he will finish cursed or dead, although he does not believe in the curse and hell and, in a way, he is pleased that he can go beyond his destiny and explore everything life has offered him, on the condition that he refuses to give up his feelings. The opera Cosi fan tutte is incredibly beautiful, everything is perfectly fit in, there is a dilemma and an explanation afterwards. Perhaps there is a bit of bitterness but it never turns into tragedy. It is a real life but seen through the eyes of different people, like the philosopher Alfonso, or through the eyes of somebody who is ironic, but the characters never actually have to face tragedy.  My first opera has been The Clemency of Titus, which also has an interesting psychological side, but does not have the same beauty of the melody and instrumentation. What makes Don Giovanni so exceptional and different from other operas is its perfection in the sense of balance between drama and comedy, which means it presents life just as it really is.   

Don Juan - an intriguing legendary Spanish nobleman and an unscrupulous seducer whose character Mozart has used to compose this opera, belongs as Faust, Hamlet or Don Quixote to those characters in literature who have, by their strength and stratification, grown out the frames of the work where they appear and turned into wide, generally known concepts of a certain philosophical ethical meaning. Whether and to what extent, thanks to the scenes of encountering the earthly and other world and revealing the contradictory feelings of fear and defiance of the main hero, who is punished with death because he has not obeyed the existing laws and customs, this piece of art actually announced the epoch of musical romance, by some elements it could be said verismo as well, which appeared after more than a century?

This is a very interesting question, since it emphasizes the symbolic meaning of the character of Don Giovanni, in terms of character, psychological type and a character in opera. Don Giovanni, along with other so-called archetypes of the Western culture, such as Faust, Don Quixote, Carmen, belongs to characters that go beyond regional significance and tend to represent something else and specific for each culture and for each period. For example, Don Quixote was seen as the symbol of freedom, especially in the period of Romanticism, but this is completely beyond the adventures given in Cervantes' book. The melancholic character is typical of the heroes, but when Massenet wrote his opera about Don Quixote, he was looking at that character with his eyes of romance and gave him some feelings that were surely exaggerated compared to the original Cervantes’ intention, for he had been completely holding into the frame of his culture and his society. Thus, Don Quixote has overcome the original character he emerged from. Don Giovanni definitely has a more open character. He can be observed with different eyes and through different cultures. He can be considered a romantic hero, which he really is in my opinion. There are different opinions about him, especially negative when it comes to ethical and moral attitudes. This is typical, for example, for Kierkegaard, who used Don Giovanni as a negative symbol, saying that people can be divided into two categories. One category could be represented by Don Giovanni as a symbol of a person who can never be satisfied with what he has in life and love, which, from a religious standpoint, is not right. Kierkegaard regarded faithfulness as one of the most important things in man's life, so Don Giovanni was therefore considered a negative symbol. However, the Romantic Movement has definitely gone beyond this idea, and Don Giovanni is regarded as a symbol of a person who defies society, laws, tradition and order, opposes religious beliefs and thinks that he has the right to fully live his own life without regard to the courts and the beliefs of others. As far as I'm concerned, this is what makes him one of the most interesting characters in literature and music.

It is clear that Mozart is also sympathetic to this hero...

Yes. And he himself, in a certain way, could be regarded as a renegade of society. Don Giovanni never fears what he is doing. He knows very well that freedom can cause certain consequences, although they can have a fatal outcome, which happens in his case. Don Giovanni knows that, if you resist the rules, you have to pay a certain price. He is, of course, fully prepared to pay the price for his rebellion and he does not regret since he thinks he has the right to choose how he will live his life, for that is the top value he cares for. Among others, he rejects Donna Elvira because he is not attracted to the idea of an ordinary, boring family and boring life, always with the same woman. Today, in Italy, we say, "I'm going to do Don Juan," which means that someone will seduce a woman. This is the transposition of meaning. It's not about women here. They are just an outer, surface part.

It is interesting that in this Mozart’s piece of art Don Giovanni never manages to go to bed with a woman?

In each situation when he is close to the end of seduction, something occurs and the seduction is ceased. For example, at the beginning when Leporello asks him for Donna Anna, he angrily tells him to shut up. If he had been with Donna Anna, he would have shared that success with Leporello. The same happens with Zerlina and Donna Elvira. Thus, we can conclude that Don Giovanni is not that successful with women and some dare to say that he actually has some sexual problems. On the other hand, some go so far as to consider "there is something" between Don Giovanni and Leporello, as he, when trying to avoid other characters who want to kill him, declares: "Don Giovanni stole my innocence." That could, of course, be symbolic, but physical as well. It is very interesting that Mozart leaves Don Giovanni unspoken. Nevertheless, it is quite clear that Don Giovanni would never accept a discussion about his right and obligation to make his own choices and entirely live the whole life just as he wants. His desires are directed to enjoyment. That's the only thing he cares about. He is not interested in moral values. He has them, truthfully, but they have nothing in common with the moral values ​​of other people ... Since Don Giovanni is also a man of blood and flesh, and his vital, flaming determination to enjoy life can be felt right out of music. Regarding the fact that he still does not belong to his own time, he is definitely the man who announces romanticism.

In that period, music became more emotional and it was following literature, philosophy and art.

When it comes to music, I consider romanticism the positive moment of culture, unlike verismo in which the singers forgot the "correct" way of singing. They began to make every kind of change and keep moving further from what was written to make something more realistic than real. Verismo has changed the approach to singing and music itself, and we have been suffering for years, decades from that and sometimes it is happening even today. So, when it comes to access to music, romanticism is completely different. In that sense, when you ask me if Don Giovanni, when the music is in question, announces verismo, my answer is of course- no. His character is too complex, and in verismo life is presented in its reality and it has not gone into depth or any further. But, in the sense of music, of course, Don Giovanni announces romanticism, even when it comes to his words, his irony that he involves into singing. Although he is a hero and a nobleman, he expresses so much of sarcasm and irony typical of an ordinary man. You will never find it at Donna Anna and Ottavio because they will never laugh, as they think that this is not the proper behavior for a person of the noble origin. So, regardless the fact that he is a nobleman, Don Giovanni does not care about social limitations at all. We have that same idea even in The Marriage of Figaro while it does not exist in Cosi fan tutte. When we make a distinction between Don Giovanni and other operas from the music and psychological point of view, here we see that music and orchestration is not only definitely stronger, but it is also deeper and more detailed than in many other operas. Of course, in some ways, there is the use of a leitmotif, but it is different in relation to Wagner's operas. Also, some melodies are definitely more romantic than in other operas. In The Marriage of Figaro you have several magical and romantic moments, for example in the aria Countess, forgive me!, but besides that there is no other way of expressing feelings in such a deep way as it has later been done during romanticism.

Interviewed by Mikojan Bezbradica

Marco Boemi

Marco Boemi, conductor and pianist, he also graduated in law at Sapienza University, Rome.

During more than 20 years career he has worked with the greatest opera singers including Pavarotti, Taddei, Ricciarelli, Dessì, Armiliato, Sabbatini, La Scola, Netrebko, Masiero.

He appeared in many major venues and Opera Houses such as la Scala Milano, San Carlo Napoli, Opera Theatre Roma, Petersburg, Tokyo, Helsinki Munchen Amsterdam, Paris Opera Bastille, London, Wien Musikeverein, Berlin, Royal Omani Opera House, he conducted also with London Philharmonic Orchestra, Zagreb Philharmonic, World Youth Orchestra...

He has a huge repertoire, both symphonic and operatic, including authors like Wagner, Verdi, R. Strauss, Puccini, Rossini, Beethoven, Rachmaninov, Bizet, J. Strauss, Leoncavallo, Mozart...

He recorded CDs for the major record labels, such as Decca, Universal, Philips and TDK…

In season 2015-2016 he conducted La Traviata in Fondazione Arena di Verona, Gala concert with Anna Netrebko and Yusuf Eyvazov in Lebanon, Don Pasquale in Helsinki Finnish Opera, in Teatro Regio of Parma, a new production of Carmen at HNK of Split, and Rigoletto in Moscow and Sochi.

He is considered an expert in lieder music and gives masterclasses throughout the world for young pianists, singers and conductors.

Interviewed - Marco Boemi >>>

Marco Boemi

Marko Boemi (Marco Boemi) italijanski je dirigent i pijanista, a diplomirao je i prava na Univerzitetu Sapijenca u Rimu.

Tokom karijere, koja traje više od dvadeset godina, sarađivao je sa najvećim imenima operskog sveta, kakva su: Pavaroti (Luciano Pavarotti), Tadei (Giuseppe Taddei), Rikareli (Katia Ricciarell), Desi (Daniela Dessì), Armiliato (Fabio Armiliato), Sabatini (Giuseppe Sabbatini), La Skola, Netrebko (Anna Netrebko), Mazjero (Vito Mazzeo) i mnogi drugi.

Nastupao je na prestižnim scenama i operskim kućama poput Skale u Milanu, San Karlo u Napulju, Opera u Rimu, Sankt Peterburg, Tokijo, Helsinki, Minhen, Amsterdamska opera, Opera Bastilja u Parizu, London, Bečka opera, Berlin, u Kraljevskoj operi u Omanu, a sarađivao je i sa Londonskom filharmonijom, Zagrebačkom filharmonijom, Svetskim omladinskim orkestrom...

Marko Boemi vlada velikim repertoarom koji uključuje simfonijska i operska dela autora kao što su  Vagner, Verdi, Štraus, Pučini, Rosini, Betoven, Rahmanjinov, Štraus, Mocart, Bize, Leonkavalo...

Snimao je za najveće svetske izdavačke kuće - Deka, Univerzal, Philips, TDK...

Tokom sezone 2015/2016. dirigovao je operu Travijata u Fondaciji Veronske arene, Gala koncert sa Anom Netrebko i Jusufom Ejvazovim u Libanu, operu Don Paskvale u Helsinkiju, u teatru u Parmi, novom produkcijom opere Karmen u Hrvatskom narodnom kazalištu u Splitu, kao i Rigoleto u Moskvi i Sočiju.

Kao veliki ekspert, Boemi vodi i master klaseve za mlade pijaniste, pevače i dirigente širom sveta.

Intervju sa Markom Boemi >>>

Intervju sa Markom Boemi

Majstorski vladajući tragičnim i komičnim situacijama, pojedinačnim i zajedničkim prizorima te vokalnim i instrumentalnim deonicama, Mocart je, kako je sam govorio, komponovao svoju najozbiljniju operu, koju je nešto kasnije filozof Kjerkegor opisao kao „delo bez mane, neprekinuto savršenstvo". Kako vi profesionalno, ali i intimno, doživljavate to remek-delo koje već više od dva veka osvaja publiku širom sveta?

Don Đovani, koji se smatra i romantičnom i neoklasičnom operom, zaista predstavlja nešto posebno. Tako je specifičan, a opet, i tako različit i zbog toga ga ja definitivno uključujem u svojih deset omiljenih opera. Splet likova je tako zadivljujući da mora izazvati interesovanje kod dirigenata koji su rođeni u romantičarskom periodu. U toj operi se nalazi potpuno muzičko savršenstvo, kao i balans između arija i dueta, tako da je za dirigenta potpuno zadivljujuće posmatrati kako se tempo stalno menja. Naravno, možete dirigovati i po istom taktu, a to je posledica toga što je u Mocartovo vreme, kada nije bilo dirigenata, sam orkestar mogao da menja tempo bez dirigentovog uputstva. Način na koji je Mocart to smestio u tok muzike je zaista zadivljujući. Takođe, želim da pomenem i jednu stvar vezanu za finale gde je Mocart koristio tri različita mala orkestra na sceni i, iako svaki svira u različitom tempu, sva tri se spajaju i stvaraju neku vrstu stereofoničnog zvuka. Ovo nam dovoljno govori, s obzirom da je to tada bilo potpuno nepoznato, koliko je Mocart bio različit od drugih kompozitora svog vremena. Takođe, zadivljujuća je i upotreba solo instrumenata, naročito duvačkih, kao što je truba. Čim one počnu da sviraju, primećuje se da dolazi do promene u muzici.


Isto se dešava i u velikom finalu sa Komendatorom, kada se zemlja otvori i on vuče Don Đovanija sa sobom u pakao...

Simbolično je to što Don Đovani ne pruža nikakav otpor, zato što je spreman da prihvati svoju sudbinu. On je odlučio da umre i niko, sem njega, ne može doneti takvu odluku u njegovo ime, čak i po cenu odlaska u pakao... Dakle, u pojedinim momentima postoji nešto što me podseća na upotrebu lajtmotiva u Vagnerovoj muzici, iako ne postoji poseban lajtmotiv u smislu melodije koji bi pripadao određenom liku. U svakom slučaju, postoje određene muzičke ćelije. One mogu biti instrumentalne, skrivene, a mogu se nalaziti i u ritmu zato što je on apsolutno neophodan radi opisivanja likova. Postoji veliki broj divnih karakteristika ove partiture koji se ne mogu razumeti pri prvom slušanju, naročito ako je publika sastavljena od ljudi koji nisu muzičari. Naravno, za muzičara je pravo zadovoljstvo pronaći sve ove karakteristike, dok je za one, koji nisu muzičari, zadivljujuće to kako prihvataju i osećaju sve ono što se događa na sceni, čak, iako ne znaju na koji način je Mocart to učinio mogućim.


Libretista Lorenco da Ponte kao i Mocart smatrali su da je ovo vesela, komična opera. S obzirom na to da se smrt susreće i na početku i na kraju dela, da li je prema vašem mišljenju, Don Đovani tragedija ili komedija?

Zbog toga što poseduje savršenu ravnotežu između komedije i tragedije, veoma je teško reći da li je Don Đovani više jedno ili drugo. Ali, kad pogledate da na početku opere piše  dramma giocoso, odnosno razigrana drama, shvatićete da je Mocart uspeo da nađe jednu neverovatnu i savršenu ravnotežu između komedije i tragedije, odnosno uspeo je da predstavi život. Naravno, život nije potpuno crn ili beo, ali može biti razigran i bolan u isto vreme ili u različitim momentima. Dakle, ono što je posebno sjajno u ovoj partituri je to što je Mocart uspeo da spoji elemente tragedije (na početku i na kraju opere imamo smrt) i komedije. Veoma je interesantno da je dugo, a naročito početkom prošlog veka, Maler, na primer, dirigovao ovu operu u Beču bez finala. S obzirom na to da se ona završava Don Đovanijevom smrću, ravnoteža, odnosno životni krug se bolje predstavlja na ovaj način – počinjemo smrću i završavamo još jednom smrću. Za generaciju rođenu pod romantičarskom zvezdom, naravno da je interesantnije da se priča završi dramom.


Mocart je to, ipak, uradio drugačije?

Da, odlučio je da završetak bude komičan. Svi likovi razgovaraju o Don Đovaniju, ali su više usmereni na ono što će se njima događati kada se vrate svom uobičajenom životu. Dakle, Dona Elvira će se povući u osamu, Don Otavio je prinuđen da sačeka godinu dana pre nego što će moći da se oženi Dona Anom, Leporelo će tražiti novog gospodara, dok će Cerlina i Mazeto jednostavno otići kući i ona će mu verovatno spremiti finu večeru...


Život mora da se nastavi.

Tako je. On se nastavlja uprkos svim ovim neverovatnim natprirodnim stvarima koje su se desile. Svi radije biraju da ostave simbol natprirodnog u sferi simbola i da nastave sa svakodnevnim, normalnim životom. Način na koji Mocart spaja i pravi ravnotežu između realnog i natprirodnog da bi dostigao savršenstvo je nešto što nije uspeo da postigne u drugim operama. Sve druge opere, uključujući Figarovu ženidbu i Tako čine sve, iako su to divna remek-dela, više su na strani komedije. Dakle, nigde ne postoji ovakva divna ravnoteža, zato što su sve druge opere više usmerene na jednu stranu života, ili, možda, stavljaju fokus uglavnom na jednu stranu, a sasvim malo na drugu. Ovo je jedina opera gde zaista možete da osetite da je veliki broj različitih činilaca združen, pri čemu svaki od njih ima neverovatno i savršeno mesto među svim drugima.


Mocart je raspolagao izuzetnom sposobnošću da, kako kaže jedan istoričar, u svojoj muzici slije sve, čak i suprotne struje vremena i tako ujedinjene u novu celinu ponovo ih rodi. Šta je, u tom smislu, konkretno uradio u ovoj operi da se ona na poseban način izdvoji od svih ostalih koje je komponovao?

Ukoliko posmatrate sedam važnih opera, jedina koja poseduje neverovatnu ravnotežu između bola i radosti, osećaja i lucidnosti je upravo Don Đovani. Jedina opera koju možemo porediti s njom, samo na potpuno drugoj ravni, je Čarobna frula, zato što ona govori o životu, ali likovi nisu tako jasno obeleženi kao dobri ili loši, na primer Sarastro i Kraljica noći. Dakle, likovi su maskirani zbog same priče. Čarobna frula je opera koja se može čitati na različite načine, sa različitim značenjima i simbolima i ona je najsimboličnija od svih Mocartovih opera. Figarova ženidba je opera gde su socijalne razlike oštro prikazane, ali likovi u njoj ne moraju da se suočavaju sa dramom činjenja izbora koji za njih znače život ili smrt. To je nešto što pronalazimo samo kod Don Đovanija. Figaro može da se suprotstavlja grofu zato što zna da mu se ništa strašno ne može desiti, međutim Don Đovani zna da ukoliko se suprotstavi Bogu, u kog verovatno veruje, to može značiti da će postati proklet ili mrtav, mada on ne veruje u prokletstvo i pakao i, na neki način, zadovoljan je zbog toga što može otići izvan svoje sudbine i istraživati sve što život ima da mu ponudi, pod uslovom da odbije da se odrekne svojih osećanja. Opera Tako čine sve je neverovatno lepa, sve je savršeno uklopljeno, postoji dilema, a zatim i objašnjenje. Možda i postoji malo gorčine, ali to nikad ne prelazi u tragediju. To je stvaran život, ali viđen kroz oči različitih ljudi, poput filozofa Alfonsa, ili kroz oči nekoga ko je ironičan, ali likovi nikad zaiste ne moraju da se suoče s tragedijom. Moja prva opera je bila Titusovo milosrđe, koja takođe poseduje interesantnu psihološku stranu, ali nema istu snagu ni istu lepotu melodija i instrumentacije. Ono što čini Don Đovanija tako posebnim i različitim od drugih opera je njena savršenost u smislu ravnoteže između drame i komedije, odnosno što predstavlja život upravo onakvim kakav jeste.

Don Huan intrigantni legendarni španski plemić i beskrupulozni zavodnik, koji je Mocartu poslužio da komponuje ovu operu, pripada, poput Fausta, Hamleta ili Don Kihota onim književnim likovima koji su svojom snagom i slojevitošću prerasli okvire dela u kome se pojavljuju i pretvorili se u široke, opšte poznate pojmove određenog filozofskog etičkog značenja. Da li je i u kojoj meri, zahvaljujući prizorima susretanja zemaljskog i onostranog sveta, te otkrivanjem protivrečnih osećaja straha i prkosa glavnog junaka, koji je smrću kažnjen jer se nije pokoravao postojećim zakonima i običajima, ovo delo, zapravo, najavilo epohu muzičke romantike, a može se reći, po nekim elementima, čak i verizam, koji će se pojaviti tek posle više od jednog veka?

Ovo je veoma interesantno pitanje pošto naglašava simbolično značenje lika Don Đovanija, u smislu karaktera, psihološkog tipa i lika u operi. Don Đovani, uz druge takozvane arhetipove zapadnjačke kulture, poput Fausta, Don Kihota, Karmen, pripada likovima koji zalaze dalje od regionalnog značenja i imaju tendenciju da predstavljaju nešto drugo i posebno za svaku kulturu i za svaki period. Na primer, Don Kihot je bio viđen kao simbol slobode, naročito u periodu romantizma, ali ovo je potpuno izvan avantura datih u Servantesovom delu. Melanholični karakter je tipičan za junaka, ali kada je Masne napisao svoju operu o Don Kihotu, on je na taj lik gledao romatičarskim očima i dao mu je neka osećanja koja su sigurno preterana u poređenju s originalnom Servantesovom namerom, jer se on u potpunosti držao okvira svoje kulture i svog društva. Dakle, Don Kihot je prevazišao originalni lik iz kog je potekao. Don Đovani definitivno ima otvoreniji karakter. On se može posmatrati različitim očima i kroz različite kulture. Može se smatrati romantičnim herojem, što po meni on zaista i jeste. O njemu postoje različita mišljenja, naročito negativna kada se govori o etičkom i moralnom stanovištu. To je tipično, na primer, baš za Kjerkegora, koji je koristio Don Đovanija kao negativan simbol, govoreći da se ljudi mogu deliti u dve kategorije. Jednu kategoriju bi mogao da predstavlja Don Đovani kao simbol osobe koja nikad ne može biti zadovoljna onim što ima u životu i ljubavi, što, gledano sa religijskog stanovišta, nije u redu. Kjerkegor je vernost smatrao jednom od najvažnijih stvari u životu čoveka, pa je stoga Don Đovanija smatrao negativnim simbolom. Međutim, romantičarski pokret je definitivno otišao izvan ove ideje, te je Don Đovani smatran simbolom osobe koja prkosi društvu, zakonima, tradiciji i redu, protivi se religioznim shvatanjima i misli da ima pravo da u potpunosti proživi sopstveni život bez obaziranja na sudove i verovanja drugih. Što se mene tiče, to je ono što ga čini jednim od najinteresantnijih likova u književnosti i muzici.


Jasno je da i Mocart gaji simpatije prema ovom junaku...

Da. I on sam, na određeni način, mogao bi biti smatran otpadnikom od društva. Don Đovani se nikada ne plaši onoga što radi. Veoma dobro zna da sloboda može izazvati određene posledice, iako one mogu imati i smrtni ishod, što se u njegovom slučaju i dešava. Don Đovani zna da, ukoliko se oduprete pravilima, morate da platite određenu cenu. On je, naravno, potpuno spreman da plati tu cenu za svoju pobunu i nije mu žao zato što smatra da ima pravo da bira kako će živeti svoj život, jer je to vrhunska vrednost do koje mu je stalo. Između ostalog, on odbija Don Elviru jer njega ne privlači ideja obične, dosadne porodice i dosadnog života, uvek uz istu ženu. Mi, danas u Italiji kažemo: „Idem da odradim Don Žuana“, što podrazumeva da će taj neko da zavede neku ženu. Ovo je transpozicija značenja. Ne radi se tu o ženama. One su samo spoljni, površinski deo.


Interesantno je da u ovom Mocartovom delu Don Đovani nikad ne uspeva da ode u krevet sa ženom?

U svakoj takvoj situaciji, kada je pri kraju zavođenja, nešto se desi i zavođenje se prekine. Na primer, na početku kada ga Leporelo pita za Dona Anu, ljutito mu odbrusi da umukne. Znači, da je bio sa Dona Anom, on bi taj svoj uspeh podelio sa Leporelom. Isto se dešava sa Cerlinom i Dona Elvirom. Dakle, možemo zaključiti da Don Đovani i nije baš toliko uspešan kod žena, a neki se čak usuđuju da kažu da on, zapravo, ima seksualne probleme. S druge strane, neki idu toliko daleko da smatraju kako „ima nečega“ između Don Đovanija i Leporela jer on, kada pokušava da izbegne druge likove koji traže da ga ubiju, izjavljuje: „Don Đovani je ukrao moju nevinost.“ To bi, naravno, moglo da bude simbolično, ali bi moglo da bude i fizički. Veoma je interesantno da Mocart ostavlja Don Đovanija nedorečenim. Ipak, ono što je potpuno jasno je da Don Đovani nikad ne bi prihvatio diskusiju o svom pravu i obavezi da čini sopstvene izbore i da u potpunosti živi život onako kako on želi. Njegove želje su usmerene na uživanje. To je jedino do čega mu je stalo. Njega ne zanimaju moralne vrednosti. On ih, istina, ima, ali one nemaju ništa zajedničko sa moralnim vrednostima drugih ljudi... Jer, i Don Đovani je čovek od krvi i mesa, a ta njegova vitalna, plamteća odlučnost da uživa u životu, može da se oseti upravo iz muzike. S obzirom na to da, ipak, ne pripada svom vremenu, on je definitivno čovek koji najavljuje romantizam.


U tom razdoblju muzika je postala više emocionalna i sledila je književnost, filozofiju i umetnost.

Kada je reč o muzici, romantizam smatram pozitivnim momentom kulture, za razliku od verizma u kojem su pevači zaboravili „korektan“ način da pevaju. Počeli su da unose svakakve promene i da zalaze dalje od onoga što je napisano kako bi učinili da nešto bude realnije od realnog. Verizam je promenio pristup pevanju i samoj muzici i od toga smo patili godinama, decenijama, a ponekad se to i danas dešava. Dakle, kada se radi o pristupu muzici, romantizam je potpuno drugačiji. U tom smislu, kada me pitate da li Don Đovani, kada je muzika u pitanju, najavljuje verizam, moj odgovor je naravno – ne. Njegov lik je previše kompleksan, a u verizmu se život prikazuje u svojoj realnosti i nije se išlo u dubinu i dalje od toga. Ali, u muzičkom smislu, naravno, Don Đovani najavljuje romantizam, čak i kada se radi o njegovim rečima, njegovoj ironiji koju upliće u pevanje. Iako je heroj i plemić, on ispoljava toliko sarkazma i ironije tipične za običnog čoveka. Kod Dona Ane i Otavia to nikad nećete naći, zato što se oni nikad neće nasmejati, jer smatraju da to nije odgovarajuće ponašanje za osobu plemenitog porekla. Dakle, bez obzira na to što je plemić, Don Đovanija uopšte nije briga za društvena ograničenja. Istu ideju imamo čak i u Figarovoj ženidbi, dok u Tako čine sve toga nema. Kada sa muzičkog i psihološkog stanovišta pravimo razliku između Don Đovanija i drugih opera, ovde vidimo da je muzika i orkestracija ne samo definitivno jača, već je i dublja i detaljnija nego u mnogim drugim operama. Naravno, na neki način, postoji i upotreba lajtmotiva, ali je ona različita u odnosu na Vagnerove opere. Takođe, neke melodije su definitivno romantičnije nego u drugim operama. U Figarovoj ženidbi imate nekoliko magičnih i romantičnih trenutaka, na primer u ariji Grofice, oprostite mi, ali osim toga, tu na tako dubok način ne postoji nijedan drugi vid izražavanja osećanja kao što se to, kasnije, radilo tokom romantizma.

Mikojan Bezbradica

 

Intervju sa Albertom Triolom

Na scenu Narodnog pozorišta postavljate operu s jednom neobičnom šekspirovskom smešom vedrine, tragedije i fantastike čiji je glavni lik neobuzdani, bezobzirni ljubavnik. Ko je i kakav je, iz vaše rediteljske vizure, današnji Don Đovani?

Savršeno ste istakli ono na šta se ovo remek-delo fokusira. Kao dramma giocoso ovo je jedinstvena mešavina komičnog i tragičnog. Moja interpretacija ima za cilj da predstavi i naglasi obe dimenzije. Ova opera je poput samog života. Ljudska dela su zamršena, često nerazmrsivo, a sastoje se od različitih elemenata, ponekad suprotnih. Don Đovani je po meni vrlo pametan i fascinantan, šarmantan gospodin, koji zabavu pronalazi u dominaciji nad tuđim umovima. Manijakalni lutkar, lucidan, pa čak i sadista, koji pronalazi zadovoljstvo u zavođenju, a zatim u manipulaciji drugih. Jedna od posledica ove „okrutne igre“ je da kod svojih žrtava stvara strašnu i nezdravu, čak i morbidnu, zavisnost od sebe samog. On im postaje potreba, poput droge, a oni postaju osuđeni na to da ga svuda prate. On odaje utisak važnog, lepog, privlačnog, interesantnog, pa čak i jedinstvenog čoveka. Ljudi su skloni da se lako zaljube u takvu osobu i da im se čini da ne mogu preživeti bez nje. Idealna sredina za jedan takav karakter (odnosno kriminalni um), gde se on može najbolje izraziti je teatar – fascinantan prostor za našu maštu, najbolje mesto za iluzije. Teatar je privilegovano mesto gde se može pronaći veza s univerzalnim Duhom, gde se svako može uzdići i osećati se delom Svega. Međutim, to je istovremeno veoma opasno mesto, ukoliko uzmemo u obzir rizike koje nosi Ego. Teatar može biti plodno tle gde se zavodljivost, pojava i mašta naše egoistične „senke“ mogu preterano razviti. To je dimenzija koju umetnici odlično poznaju.


Dakle, kakav je današnji Don Đovani?

Naš Don Đovani je savršen izraz „teatarskog demona“, vrste harizmatičnog (možda i natprirodnog...) velikog reditelja, koji bira osobe kojima daje priliku da budu „neko“, da bi izrazio sebe van okvira, da bi se osećao jedinstvenim. Ovo se obično dešava kada Ego preuzme kontrolu nad umom, što je za umetnika najviša zanesenost, ali je i njegovo prokletstvo. Kada damo previše prostora i moći Egu, gubimo povezanost sa Svim i podložni smo zavisnosti i opsesijama. Ovo je upravo ono što se dešava našim likovima. Zamišljam ih kao ljude od teatra: Dona Elvira je glumica, Dona Ana je garderober, Cerlina je čistačica, a Mazeto je scenski tehničar. Leporelo je inspicijent (materijalna, fizička strana Don Đovanija, neko ko odlično poznaje mogućnosti i rizike „prostora za iluziju“). Otkrivamo ko je bio Don Otavio pre fatalnog susreta sa Don Đovanijem tek na kraju... Komendator predstavlja redak slučaj osobe koja je potpuno izuzeta od pretnji Ega. On uopšte ne reaguje na ogledalo Don Đovanija kojim on zavodi svoje žrtve i stavlja ih pod svoju kontrolu. Komendator je star, mudar, savršeno i stalno povezan sa Svim. Zbog toga njegov glas kao da potiče iz nedefinisanog prostora, a on sam se već na samom početku pojavljuje fizički preobražen.


Mnogi teoretičari opere tvrde da je Mocartov Don Đovani delo s tačnom i dubokom psihološkom razradom lika. Neki od njih tvrde, uprkos svemu, da je on najmoralniji lik od svih u tom delu?

Razlika između Don Đovanija i drugih likova u ovoj operi je u sledećem: ja ga vidim više kao entitet nego kao stvarnu osobu, dok su sva druga normalna ljudska bića preobražena u „nešto drugo“ nakon njegovog zavođenja. On ima takav efekat na Ego osoba koje zavede; oni odmah pokazuju svoj prirodni temperament, samo pojačan i u najboljem i u najgorem smislu. Elvira je veoma otvorena, ekstrovertna osoba i sebe predstavlja na vrlo komičan način. Uvek preteruje, u ljubomori, opsesiji, kada govori o sebi. Ona je neurotična osoba. Nasuprot njoj, Dona Ana je vrlo zatvorena, čak emotivno i fizički inhibirana, blokirana. Ona je introvertna i veoma okrenuta razmišljanju, isto toliko koliko je Elvira impulsivna. Mada, ona je daleko od stidljive osobe: vrlo je odlučna, jaka i stroga, najviše prema sebi. Don Otavio izgleda kao da uopšte nije usmeren na emotivnu dimenziju, iako deluje vrlo stidljivo, nesigurno i često okleva. Leporelo je ljubopitljiv i nestabilan. Dosta je naučio od svog gospodara. Njegova dimenzija je scena kao prostor fizičkog izražavanja strasti i primarnih emocija. Cerlina i Mazeto najiskrenije predstavljaju takozvane „obične ljude“. Mazeto odlično poznaje pravila sukobljavanja na psihološkom, pa čak i fizičkom nivou, kao i načine zastrašivanja i zloupotrebe moći; radi zavođenja Cerline, jednostavne i neiskusne devojke iz komšiluka, Don Đovani koristi jezik zabavne emisije sa televizije: ona onda počinje da sanjari i predaje se. Cerlina i Mazeto su, verovatno zbog svoje jednostavne i iskrene prirode, ujedno i najaktivniji u pronalaženju izlaza.


Naslovni junak, šarmantni plemić visoke inteligencije, koji je istovremeno i jedan od najpoznatijih zavodnika u svetskoj istoriji, prikazan je kao osoba koja ne odustaje od svojih ljubavnih poduhvata ne bojeći se čak ni smrti. Šta će u vašoj postavci na kraju prevladati
dobro ili zlo?

Nakon svega što sam do sada rekao, jasno je da se u Don Đovaniju može pronaći cinizam intelektualca tipičnog za kulturu 18. veka. On uživa u istraživanju ljudskog ponašanja. Njegov prefinjen i lucidan um ispituje i sve vreme uči kako ljudi reaguju kada su pod uticajem Ega. To možemo smatrati i patološkim vidom erotskog voajerizma. Don Đovani je serijski zavodnik, ali svrha njegove opsesije je više duševna nego fizička. Najdramatičniji momenti ove opere predstavljaju i daju glas „Apsolutnom“ – zavođenje Dona Ane (što je tipično mentalno silovanje), Komendatorova smrt, kao i poslednji sukob sa njim...

Don Đovani u prvoj sceni drugoga čina kaže: „Sve je to ljubav; ko god je veran samo jednoj, okrutan je prema drugima; ja, koji nosim u sebi tako široko osećanje, volim sve njih; i kako žene ne razumeju te stvari, moju prirodnu dobrotu zovu obmanom”. Ima li uopšte ljubavi u današnjem svetu, uglavnom, orijentisanom ka interesu?

Danas je mogućnost da se oseti saosećanje, da se doživi empatija prema drugima, najbitniji aspekat sposobnosti da se voli. Sve vreme, likovi u ovoj operi pokušavaju da podele sopstvene emocije (čak i one najjače i one o kojima se ne priča) sa drugima i da ohrabre jedni druge; svi osim Don Đovanija. U tome pronalazimo najistaknutiju karakteristiku glavnog lika, njegovo neurotično ponašanje manifestuje njegovu nesposobnost da iskusi empatiju prema drugim ljudskim bićima. Kao da nije moguće da „oseti“ i da bude nečim dotaknut. On ne poznaje saosećanje, te deluje kao usamljen i izolovan u sopstvenoj zastrašujućoj samoći. Možete li zamisliti gori pakao od toga?

Mikojan Bezbradica

ALBERTO TRIOLA

Alberto Triola (Alberto Triola) rođen je u Milanu, Italija. Smatraju ga jednim od najistaknutijih i najcenjenijih operskih imena u Italiji. Triola ima radno iskustvo kao upravnik opere, reditelj i urednik. Od februara 2013. godine pa do juna 2017. godine bio je generalni upravnik opere u Firenci, Teatro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino. Svojim radom u upravi pozorišta, a zatim i nominacijom za nadzornika, Triola je na sebe preuzeo do tada neviđen poduhvat na restrukturiranju u ekonomskom, finansijskom i funkcionalnom pogledu, što je rezultiralo ne samo novom organizacijom, već i čvrstom ekonomskom ravnotežom neophodnom za budućnost pozorišta, kao i umetnički preokret Festivala Maggio Musicale, jednog od najstarijih i najprestižnihih evropskih festivala, koji je nedavno prošao kroz nekoliko izuzetno kritičnih godina u svojoj dugoj istoriji. Pravi pokazatelji da je u toj operskoj kući nastupila nova era jesu potpuno nova firentinska operska kuća, sjajna OF/Opera di Firenze, i postavljanje Fabija Luizija (Fabio Luisi) za novog muzičkog direktora, počevši od 2018. godine, koji će na tom mestu naslediti Zubina Mehtu, glavnog počasnog dirigenta.

Od 2010. godine Triola takođe radi i kao umetnički direktor Festivala Valle d’Itria, u gradu Martina Franka (oblast Apulija), koji je pune 42 godine jedan od najvažnijih italijanskih letnjih festivala. Umetnički programi ovog festivala pod Triolinim vođstvom već su dva puta nagrađeni nagradom Abati, što je najprestižnija nagrada kritike u Italiji. Alberto Triola je takođe i direktor Akademije belkanta „Rodolfo Ćeleti“ (Rodolfo Celletti), koja se jedina u Italiji bavi isključivo belkantom i baroknim repertoarom.

Radio je u Milanskoj skali od 1988. do 2002. godine kao asistent produkcije, asistent umetničkog direktora, asistent muzičkog direktora (Rikarda Mutija, Riccardo Muti) i najzad, kao asistent tehničkog direktora. Njegov bogat i raznovrstan profesionalni profil – njegovo muzičko i teatarsko obrazovanje, kao i njegova inženjerska diploma – omogućili su mu da se bavi i umetničkim i upravljačkim poslovima.

Nakon odlaska iz Milana, 2002. godine, radio je kao umetnički upravnik Festivala Due Mondi u Spoletu, uz maestra Đankarla Menotija (Gian Carlo Menotti). U februaru 2003. godine pridružio se teatru „Karlo Feliče“ (Teatro Carlo Felice) u Đenovi kao umetnički direktor, ostavši na tom mestu do 2007. godine, što je u tom pozorištu bio period velikih umetničkih uspeha.

Tokom sedam sezona, od 2002. do 2008. godine, Alberto Triola je takođe bio umetnički direktor Teatra Pončijeli u Kremoni (Teatro Amilcare Ponchielli Cremona), a u sklopu njegovih dužnosti je bio i Festival Monteverdi posvećen renesansnom i baroknom repertoaru.

U julu 2007. godine, prešao je na dužnost pomoćnika generalnog upravnika teatra u Bolonji i generalnog direktora novoosnovanog obrazovnog programa za mlade umetnike (pevače, pedagoge, dirigente, reditelje, scenografe i kostimografe), koji se u bolonjskom teatru odvijao u saradnji sa nekoliko italijanskih i međunarodnih pozorišta, festivala i univerziteta (Fakultet italijanske opere).

Tokom 2010. godine radio je kao umetnički savetnik za obrazovne programe Fondacije Pergolezi-Spontini (Fondazione Pergolesi-Spontini) u Jeziju, a tokom je 2011. godine bio umetnički savetnik u Lirskom teatru u Kaljariju.

Nakon više od dvadeset godina provedenih na poslovima koji se tiču podrške umetničkim aktivnostima, u 2008. godini Alberto je kao reditelj doživeo međunarodni uspeh na Operskom festivalu u Veksfordu (Irska), postavkom Rosinijeve opere Gospodin Bruskino, koja je pobrala sjajne međunarodne kritike i doživela ogroman uspeh kod publike. Tokom 2009. godine Teatar u Bolonji je postavio novu produkciju Pučinijeve Madam Baterflaj, za koju je Alberto Triola uradio sopstveni dramaturški koncept – ta priznata postavka gostovala je širom Italije i imala veliki broj izvođenja praćenih uspehom. Njegova prva režija u Nemačkoj bila je senzacionalna – postavka Bizeove opere Karmen za Teatar u Libeku u aprilu 2011. godine pobrala je pohvale i od publike i od kritike. Nakon tog uspeha, koji se ponovio i naredne sezone, Alberto se pročuo u Nemačkoj i dobio je ponude od nekoliko njihovih vodećih operskih kuća. Nakon iznenađujuće produkcije opere Magbet Đuzepa Verdija u Libeku (januar 2013), usledio je Triolin angažman u Austriji (Kameroper, Teatra u Beču) i zadivljujuća produkcija, za čijih trinaest izvođenja je tražena karta više.

Bio je predsednik Konzervatorijuma „Nino Rota“ u Monopoliju (Bari).

Alberto se redovno odaziva pozivima da drži masterklas obuke u Drezdenu, na prestižnoj Operi Zemper (Semperoper), za mlade umetnike te operske kuće.

Bio je urednik dela Rikardo Muti (Riccardo Muti) u Skali, objavljenog u saradnji između milanske Skale i izdavačke kuće Rizzoli (2001), i autor dela Đulio Gati Kazaza, život i opera

(Giulio Gatti Casazza), koje sadrži slavne memoare o operi, autobiografsko delo ovog legendarnog italijanskog operskog impresarija, objavljeno 2014. godine od strane izdavačke kuće Zecchini Editore.

Intervju sa Albertom Triolom >>>

 

            

24. novembar

Happy Day!